Distribution of Abo, Rhesus Blood Groups and Hemoglobin Concentration among the School Students of Deurali V.d.c., Kaski, Nepal

Background: Blood is a specialized connective tissue with complete and unchangeable identity. Although almost 400 blood grouping antigens have been reported, the ABO and Rh is recognized as the major clinically significant blood group antigens which are also known to vary from one population to another. This study therefore sought to study the frequency of these indices and hemoglobin concentration. Objective: A community-based study was carried out on blood groups representing a random population sample from Bishwoshanti Higher Secondary School, Deurali V.D.C., Kaski, Nepal. The objective was to determine the frequency of different blood groups and distribution of hemoglobin concentration in this region, which would not only help in blood transfusion services but also eliminate the diagnosis of anemia. Method: A cross sectional, analytical study was carried out at Pokhara University, Lekhnath-12 Kaski, Nepal and encompassed 359 subjects, in which 47.6% were male and 52.4% female. These were categorized by their groups, A, B, AB, O and Rh; and their hemoglobin concentration was measured. Results: The average percentage of ABO groups were found as O (34.8%), A (34.3%), B (27.0%) and AB (3.9%). The Rh positive and negative distribution in the studied population was 98.6% and 1.4% respectively. The hemoglobin concentration was found to be greater than12 gm/dl in 85.8 percent students and only 14.2 % students had low Hb concentration than 12 gm/dl. 0.3% students having Rh negative blood group was found to be low hemoglobin concentration. And Hb concentration of 84.7% students having Rh positive blood group was normal. Conclusion: The studied population exhibited a predominance of group O, in the order of O>A>B>and AB, as well as Rh positive antigen for 98.6% subjects within the population, with Rh negative being 1.4%. Percentage of students with Rh negative blood group having low Hb concentration is 0.3%.